The principal objective of research area C is to reconstruct perceptions and representations of spaces in ancient cultures on the basis of archaeological remains and findings, texts and images. Over the long-term, this will include the examination of how spaces, spatial relations, movements, and directions were perceived and imagined; how they were represented in various media; and to what extent spatial perception, experience, and representation affected the knowledge of spaces – and how this knowledge in turn decisively influenced spatial perception, experience, and representation. Research in area C will integrate the disciplines of linguistics, text studies, and literary criticism, as well as archaeology, art history, and history.